Load Balancing in a Network using Ant Colony Optimization Technique

This thesis describes a method of achieving load balancing in telecommunications networks. A simulated network models a typical distribution of calls between nodes; nodes carrying an excess of traffic can become congested, causing calls to be lost. In addition to calls, the network also supports a population of simple mobile agents with behaviours modelled on the trail laying abilities of ants. The ants move across the network between randomly chosen pairs of nodes; as they move they deposit simulated pheromones as a function of their distance from their source node, and the congestion encountered on their journey. They select their path at each intermediate node according the distribution of simulated pheromones at each node. Calls between nodes are routed as a function of the pheromone distributions at each intermediate node. The performance of the network is measured by the average no of hops taken to complete the calls. In this thesis ,the results of using the antbased control (ABC) are compared with those achieved by using fixed shortestpath routes,(dijkstra’s algorithm) used in network management. The ABC system is shown to result in fewer call failures than the other methods, while exhibiting many attractive features of distributed control

In-vitro sperm immobilization activity and biocompatibility study of NVD terpolymer

Background: Boronate derivatives have been used in affinity chromatography for separation of cells based on their glycoprotein content. Boronate containing polymers when used intravaginally before sexual intercourse could bind to the glycoproteins present on sperm cell surface and render them immobile, which potentially may work as female-controlled contraceptive. To study this hypothesis NVD terpolymer which contains boronic acid was studied on goat sperm and its biocompatibility was accessed on NIH3T3 fibroblast.Methods: Sperm motility study was carried out on goat sperm cells. The study was divided into two groups, test group (NVD terpolymer in simulated vaginal fluid) and negative control (simulated vaginal fluid only) performed using Sander-crammer assay. In the test group, the study was started from 0.1 % of the polymer solution, until the half of the sperms became non-motile as compared to normal control. The biocompatibility study was performed by culturing the NIH3T3 fibroblast with different concentrations of NVD polymer, followed by cell viability assay by performing 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at 6, 12 and 24 hour spectrophotometrically.Results: Sander-crammer assay resulted in significant (P-value < 0.05) decrease in motile sperm count in test group when compared to control. At 7.5 % concentration, the half of the sperms rendered immobile, and this was termed as effective concentration 50 (EC50). In-vitro biocompatibility study using NIH3T3 fibroblasts culture and MTT assay with cultured cells at 6, 12 and 24 hour, revealed that the polymer is biologically compatible as there were no significant change (P-value < 0.05) in the absorbance.Conclusions: Boronate containing polymer, such as NVD terpolymer has in-vitro sperm immobilizing activity in goat sperm model, with further research in this area could yield a potential female control contraceptive agent

Performance Forecasting of Share Market using Machine Learning Techniques: A Review

Forecasting share performance becomes more challenging issue due to the enormous amount of valuable trading data stored in the stock database. Currently, existing forecasting methods are insufficient to analyze the share performance accurately. There are two main reasons for that: First, the study of existing forecasting methods is still insufficient to identify the most suitable methods for share price prediction. Second, the lack of investigations made on the factors affecting the share performance. In this regard, this study presents a systematic review of the last fifteen years on various machine learning techniques in order to analyze share performance accurately. The only objective of this study is to provide an overview of the machine learning techniques that have been used to forecast share performance. This paper also highlights a how the prediction algorithms can be used to identify the most important variables in a share market dataset. Finally, we could have succeeded to analyze share performance effectively. It could bring benefits and impacts to researchers, society, brokers and financial analysts

Application of Data Mining Technique in Stock Market : An Analysis

Stock market prediction with data mining technique is one of the most important issues to be investigated and it is one of the fascinating issues of stock market research over the past decade. Many attempts have been made to predict stock market data using statistical and traditional methods, but these methods are no longer adequate for analyzing this huge amount of data. Data mining is one of most important powerful information technology tool in today’s competitive business world, it is able to uncover hidden patterns and predict future trends and behavior in stock market. This paper also highlights the application of association rule in stock market and their future movement direction

Maternal morbidity due to unsafe medical abortion in rural practice is just the tip of the iceberg: is it really preventable?

Background: In India around 6.4 million abortions are performed annually, of which 3.6 million (56%) were unsafe abortions, account for 8-20% of all maternal deaths. Medical methods of abortion have been proven to be effective and safe option to save women’s lives when practiced under medical supervision. This study was carried out to determine the frequency of unsafe medical abortion, demographic profile of patients, reasons for seeking abortion, abortion providers, evaluation of significant adverse outcome and management.Methods: A 5 year retrospective observational study included 400 patients with history of unsafe medical abortion who were admitted with complications between June 2009 and May 2014, in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, government medical college (Chhattisgarh institute of medical sciences) and tertiary care hospital Bilaspur Chhattisgarh.Results: Unintended pregnancy was the main reason for the unsafe medical abortion in 378 (94.5%) women. Most frequent complains observed for admission were heavy bleeding and retained products (incomplete abortion). Major complications seen in 177 (44.25%) cases only, of which moderate to severe anaemia in 141 (35.25%), shock in 23 (5.75%), septicaemia in 11 (2.75%) and acute renal failure in 2 (0.5%) cases. Majority 206 (51.50%) required surgical intervention. However 5 (1.25%) patients could not survive despite of all resuscitative measures. Post-abortion family planning adopted by 27 (6.75%) cases only.Conclusions: Mostly unsafe abortions take place behind the scene, always remain unnoticed and never listed in government data. In Chhattisgarh state where majority of rural population are tribal, illiterate, living in difficult to reach areas, unaware of safe abortion and abortion rights and dependent on herbs, quacks or paramedics, due to unavailability of clinicians or lady medical officers in government facilities. Thus the best way remain to prevent unsafe abortion is the prevention of unwanted pregnancy

Psidium Guajava Leaves: Phytochemical study and Pharmacognostic evaluation

Psidium guajava known as Guava is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae. P. guajava is a well-known traditional medicinal plant used in various indigenous systems of medicine. P. guajava leaves are green to dull green colour with characteristic taste and having ovate-elliptic shape. The chief constituents like essential oil, poly phenols, tannin, pinene, gallic acid, isoflavonoid, catechin, rutin, ascorbic acid, beta carotene, terpenoid and triterpene shows pharmacological importance against several disorders like antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, diarrhoea, diabeties, colic, cough, pain, high cholesterol, heart disease, cancer and weight loss.The extract of guava leaves also have antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. P. guajava also contain ascorbic acid beneficial for skin and effective against oxidation and act as antioxidant. The present study reveals the pharmacognostical, physicochemical and phytochemical study of leaves P. guajava which are useful in laying down standardization and pharmacopoeial parameters

Self Organizing Map (SOM) based Modelling Technique for Student Academic Performance Prediction

Over the years, student academic performance mapping is considered an important issue for academic institutions and designing such system is very complicated. However, the student performances rely on various factors such as attendance, marks, family background, curriculum activities, social behavior etc. and mapping of all these attributes is very complicated. In the past, various data mining software and techniques have been proposed to classify student data set. These software�s and techniques have been failed to classify student dataset correctly. Now advances of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data mining techniques made it possible to classify student data set and draw useful patterns efficiently. In this study, real data set of Government Girls College (GGC) vidisha of 250 students is considered. The main concern of this study is to apply SOM clustering approach to classify student dataset. Finally, experimental results demonstrated that 4 clusters have been formed based on category like very good, good, average, and poor

Translocation and enrichment of heavy metals in Brassica juncea grown in Paper mill effluent irrigated soil

The present study observed the accumulation of heavy metals in Brassica juncea irrigated with paper mill effluent (PME) and control Bore well water (BWW). The soil was treated to five rates of effluents viz. 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml/Kg soil. It was revealed 100% PME irrigation of soil increased Pb (+46.44%), Cr (+83.21%), Ni (+38.43%) and Cd (+78.92%). The enrichment factor (Ef) for Cr and Cd showed moderate enrichment with 10% to 75% PME irrigated soil, except Cr (5.96) which showed significant enrichment with 100% PME irrigated soil. Ef value for Pb and Ni showed deficiency to mineral enrichment with different concentrations of PME irrigated soil. The maximum accumulation of Pb (42.66±2.05 mg/kg), Cr (39.80±5.95 mg/kg), Ni (88.64±11.29 mg/kg) and Cd (5.85±0.29 mg/kg) were recorded in leaves of B. juncea, while that of Pb (43.85±3.46 mg/kg), Cr (48.59±3.81 mg/kg), Cd (6.74±1.22 mg/kg) with 100% and Ni (74.93±2.54 mg/kg) were recorded with 75% PME after 60 days in roots of the B. juncea. Ef value was found maximum for Cr (5.08) in leaves and for Pb (6.64) in roots, while the Translocation factor (Tf) was found maximum for Pb (2.45) in root of the crop irrigated with PME. The use of PME with proper dilution and with the metallic concentrations in permissible limit can be used as biofertigant for irrigation of B. juncea

Analysis of caesarean rate, indications and complications: review from medical college Ambala, Haryana, India

Background: Cesarean section remains the most commonly performed obstetric surgery but indications of it have been changed. Earlier it used to be done for health of the mother but now fetal interest has played a major role. The aim of the study was to find out incidence, indication of LSCS, maternofetal outcome in our rural medical college.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at MMIMSR Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India between 1st April 2015 - 30th March 2016. All women admitted for delivery in OBG department via OPD or emergency were taken in the study.Results: The total no of deliveries was 2196. There were 474 (21.6%) case of caesarean sections (LSCS). Among them 156 (32.9%) patients had elective LSCS, and 318 (67.1%) had emergency LSCS. Mean age of the study was 27.2 years. Fetal distress was the commonest indication of LSCS (25.1%) followed by pregnancy with previous LSCS. Post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) and adhesion were commonly encountered complications. Conclusions: LSCS due to maternal fetal indication is inevitable. Timely performed LSCS decrease the morbidity and mortality. Government also has taken initiative in making cesarean deliveries more acceptable and affordable to patients belonging to the rural areas

Impact of training on community health worker regarding newborn care

Background: In India, an estimated four million deaths occur each year in the neonatal period. Effective intervention at primary carelevel can prevent a large proportion of these deaths. Objective: To assess the impact of training on knowledge and skill regardingnewborn care among Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM). Methods: A total of 180 ANMs who attended skilled birth attendant trainingprogram under RCH were included in the study. The study was conducted over a period of 2 years from May 2013 to June 2015.A 14 training sessions each lasting for 15 days were conducted in 2 years and each session had a batch of 12-15 ANMs. They wereassessed for the impact of training at the end of training on semi-structured and pretested schedule. Results: The knowledge of healthworkers related to the care of a newborn at birth was not adequate. An average of 94.8 ANMs responded correctly to pre-test questionswhereas after training there was a significant improvement in the post-test score. After training an average of 160.5 ANMs (p=0.001)responded correctly. A mean of 84 ANMs had adequate knowledge related to danger signs in the neonatal period before training. Aftertraining significant number of ANMs (mean=156, p=0.002) responded correctly. Baseline knowledge related to feeding of the newbornwas also inadequate (mean=120), but after training there was a significant improvement, 164 ANMs respond correctly (p=0.02).Conclusion: Knowledge of ANMs in the rural area regarding essential newborn care is inadequate. The training of health workers needto be remodeled and updated to improve neonatal outcome